Oral health is often seen as something isolated to the mouth, but its importance extends far beyond  teeth and gums. Research has increasingly shown that oral health is closely linked to overall health, particularly cardiovascular health. The connection between the two has become a topic of growing interest in medical research, as poor oral health can contribute to a range of complications in other parts of the body, including the heart and blood vessels. 

 

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Poor Oral Health’s Association With Other Complications

Cardiovascular Health

One of the most significant links between oral health and cardiovascular health is the relationship between periodontal (gum) disease and heart disease. Studies have shown that the bacteria from gum disease can enter the bloodstream and lead to inflammation in the arteries, contributing to atherosclerosis (the narrowing and hardening of the arteries), which increases the risk of heart attacks and strokes.
Research published in the Journal of Periodontology has demonstrated that people with periodontal disease are more likely to have coronary artery disease. The inflammation caused by gum disease can promote the buildup of plaque in the arteries, which is a key factor in the development of heart disease. Furthermore, certain bacteria found in the mouth, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular diseases, as they can trigger an inflammatory response throughout the body.

 

Related story: Oral Health Tips For Sparkling Teeth: 9 Things Your Dentist Wants You to Know

 

Diabetes

Poor oral health can make it more difficult to control blood sugar levels, especially in people with diabetes. Gum disease can worsen blood sugar control, and research has shown that individuals with diabetes are more likely to have periodontal disease. The inflammation in the gums may interfere with insulin's effectiveness, leading to poorer management of diabetes.

A 2008 study published in Diabetes Care (2008) found that individuals with severe periodontal disease had poorer control over their blood glucose levels. In addition, treating gum disease was shown to improve blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. The study suggested that inflammation caused by gum disease interferes with insulin resistance, making diabetes management more difficult.

 

Related story: The Diabetes Guide: How to Balance Your Blood Sugar

 

Stroke

We know that it is hard to believe that oral health has any direct relation with stroke, but to everyone’s surprise this is true. Poor oral health has been linked to an increased risk of stroke. The bacteria from periodontal infections can cause inflammation in the arteries that supply blood to the brain, increasing the likelihood of a stroke.

According to a 2022 study published by the Journal of Clinical Medicine, people who have poor oral health are more susceptible to conditions such as stroke. The study supports that other organs and tissues may experience significant alterations as a result of oral inflammation, which is not just limited to the oral cavity. It has been observed that hypertension, heart disease, stroke and periodontal disease are all related to poor dental hygiene

 

Related story: Heart Attack Symptoms in Women That Are hard to Spot

 

Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a sensitive time and to be extra-cautious it is recommended to take better care of your oral health. Studies have found that women with untreated periodontal disease are at a higher risk for preterm birth and low birth weight. The inflammation caused by oral infections may trigger premature labor, which can have serious consequences for both the mother and the baby.

A 2019 study by the International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology highlights the association between periodontal disease during pregnancy and an increased risk of preterm birth and low birth weight.

 

Related story: Planning A Pregnancy? Things to Know Before Your Conveive

 

Respiratory Infections

The mouth serves as a gateway to the lungs. Oral bacteria can be inhaled into the lungs, increasing the risk of respiratory infections such as pneumonia and many more. This is particularly concerning for people with weakened immune systems or those who are elderly.

A 2006 study by the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine suggests that oral bacteria can be aspirated into the lungs, increasing the risk of respiratory infections, particularly in hospitalised patients.

 

Related story: Managing Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

 

7 Tips to Maintain Oral Hygiene

1. Salt Water Gargles

A simple saltwater gargle can help reduce inflammation in the gums and promote healing after dental procedures. To do this, dissolve half a teaspoon of salt in a glass of warm water and swish it around your mouth for about 30 seconds before spitting it out. This natural remedy can help fight bacteria and reduce swelling. This makes it an excellent option for those dealing with gum pain or infection. Just be sure not to overdo it, as excessive saltwater rinsing could irritate your gums.

2. Flossing
Make it a habit to floss at least once a day, preferably before bed, to prevent plaque buildup. Use about 18 inches of floss, wrapping it around your fingers, and gently slide it between your teeth, curving it around each tooth to remove debris. Flossing not only helps prevent cavities but also reduces the risk of gum disease by keeping your gums healthy.

3. Oil Pulling
Oil pulling is an ancient practice that involves swishing oil (typically coconut or sesame oil) in your mouth for about 10-15 minutes to remove toxins and bacteria. It may help improve overall oral hygiene by reducing plaque and preventing gum disease. To do this, take a tablespoon of oil and swish it around your mouth, making sure to move it between your teeth and around the gums. After 10-15 minutes, spit the oil out and rinse your mouth with warm water. This technique may also promote fresher breath and healthier gums over time.

4. Eat Crunchy Fruits and Vegetables
Fruits and vegetables like apples, carrots, and celery can naturally scrub your teeth as you chew, helping to remove plaque and food particles. These foods stimulate the production of saliva, which is your mouth's natural defense against cavities and decay. To make the most of this, try incorporating these snacks into your daily routine. Not only do they provide essential vitamins and minerals, but they also help maintain a healthy smile by promoting saliva flow and reducing the risk of tooth decay.

5. Stay Hydrated
Drinking plenty of water is one of the easiest ways to maintain good oral health. Water helps wash away food particles and bacteria that can lead to plaque buildup and tooth decay. It also keeps your mouth moist, preventing dry mouth, which can cause bad breath and increase the risk of cavities. Aim to drink water throughout the day, especially after meals, to keep your mouth clean and hydrated. Additionally, if you can, choose water over sugary drinks to avoid added sugars that can harm your teeth.

6. Chew Sugar-Free Gum
Chewing sugar-free gum after meals can help stimulate saliva production, which helps neutralise the acids that contribute to tooth decay. The increased saliva flow helps wash away food particles and strengthens tooth enamel. To maximise the benefits, make sure the gum you chew is sugar-free, as sugary gum can contribute to cavities. Try chewing gum for about 20 minutes after meals, especially when you’re on the go and can’t brush right away.

7. Replace Your Toothbrush Regularly
It is important to replace your toothbrush or toothbrush head every 3-4 months, or sooner if the bristles are frayed. Over time, worn bristles lose their ability to clean your teeth properly. Set a reminder on your phone or mark the change on your calendar to ensure you replace your toothbrush regularly. If you're using an electric toothbrush, don't forget to change the brush head as recommended by the manufacturer to maintain optimal performance and prevent the buildup of bacteria on the brush.

 

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